Dalla nuova edilizia alla rigenerazione. Può il Nuovo Bauhaus ridefinire l’architettura e dare risposte ai cambiamenti globali?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19229/2464-9309/922021Parole chiave:
emergenza climatica, obiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile, ambiente costruito, consumo delle risorse, riduzione totaleAbstract
Il Nuovo Bauhaus Europeo è parte della Renovation Wave e si lega al Green New Deal – un impegno ad affrontare le sfide su clima e ambiente attraverso il ‘disaccoppiamento’ della crescita economica dall’utilizzo delle risorse per aprire la strada a ‘un’equa e prospera’ società. Dopo aver discusso sull’inadeguatezza del Green New Deal a raggiungere quella determinante trasformazione che ci si aspettava, è stato proposto un nuovo Programma in cui ogni necessità può essere soddisfatta con minori consumi, emissioni di CO2, nuove costruzioni e più rigenerazione urbana. Il Nuovo Bauhaus Europeo, teso a ‘unire sostenibilità e stile’, è visto come ‘il centro di propulsione’ e l’ispirazione di questo Programma che potrebbe radicalmente decostruire e ridisegnare gli attuali approcci all’architettura. Così, i vincoli imposti dalla rigenerazione degli edifici esistenti, con le loro dimensioni etiche e culturali, possono inspirare una creatività e un’immaginazione maggiori preservando allo stesso tempo carbonio, costi e identità.
Downloads
##plugins.generic.articleMetricsGraph.articlePageHeading##
Riferimenti bibliografici
Act!onaid (2020), Not zero – How ‘net zero’ targets disguise climate inaction, Joint technical briefing by Climate Justice Organisations, October. [Online] Available at: actionaid.org/sites/default/files/publications/ NOT%20ZERO_Joint%20Technical%20Briefing.pdf [Accessed 22 March 2021].
Allwood, J. M. (2014), “Squaring the circular economy – The role of recycling within a hierarchy of material management strategies”, in Worrell, E. and Reuter, M. (eds), Handbook of recycling – State of the art for Practitioners, Analysts, and Scientists, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 445-477. [Online] Available at: doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396459-5.00030-1 [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Baek, J. (2017), “Openness and Hybridity – Lessons on the Fictive Potential of Urban Artifacts as based on Two Korean Regeneration Projects”, Keynote Speech at Open Building – Special Session in the UIA Congress 2017, Seoul, Korea, 4 September.
Baek, J. (2016), Architecture as the Ethics of Climate, Routledge, Abingdon (UK).
Bason, C., Conway, R., Hill, D. and Mazzucato, M. (2020), A new Bauhaus for a Green Deal, November. [Online] Available at: ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/public-purpose/sites/public-purpose/files/new_bauhaus_cb_rc_dh_mm_0.pdf [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Boyd, I. (2019), “Focussing on cutting emissions alone won’t halt ecological decline, we must consume less”, in The Conversation, 02/09/2019. [Online] Available at: theconversation.com/focusing-on-cutting-emissions-alone-wont-halt-ecological-decline-we-must-consume-less-former-uk-chief-environmental-adviser-122778 [Accessed 20 March 2021]
Carlson, C. (2020), “EC president announces ‘new European Bauhaus’ to help Europe move to a circular economy”, in Dezeen, 21/09/2020. [Online] Available at: dezeen.com/2020/09/21/eu-new-european-bauhaus-ursula-von-der-leyen/ [Accessed 20 March 2021].
C40 cities (2018), Consumption-based GHG emissions of C40 cities, C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group. [Online] Available at: c40.org/researches/consumption-based-emissions [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Circle Economy (2021), The Circularity Gap Report 2021, Circle Economy. [Online] Available at: circle-economy.com/resources/circularity-gap-report-2021 [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Cohen, M. J. (2020), “Does the Covid-19 outbreak mark the onset of a sustainable consumption transition?”, in Sustainability – Science, Practice and Policy, vol. 16, issue 1, pp. 1-3. [Online] Available at: doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1740472 [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Droste, M. (2006), The Bauhaus 1919-1933 – Reform and Avant-Garde, Taschen, Cologne.
EC – European Commission (2021), New European Bauhaus – About the initiative. [Online] Available at: europa.eu/new-european-bauhaus/about/about-initiative_en [Accessed 20 March 2021].
EC – European Commission (2020a), Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – A Renovation Wave for Europe – Greening our buildings, creating jobs, improving lives, Document 52020DC0662, 662 final. [Online] Available at: eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0662 [Accessed 20 March 2021].
EC – European Commission (2020b), Circular Economy Action Plan – For a cleaner and more competitive Europe. [Online] Available at: ec.europa.eu/environment/circular-economy/pdf/new_circular_economy_action_plan.pdf [Accessed 28 March 2021].
EC – European Commission (2019), Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – The European Green Deal, Document 52019DC0640, 640 final. [Online] Available at: eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2019%3A640%3AFIN [Accessed 20 March 2021].
EEA – European Environment Agency (2021), Growth without economic growth – Narratives for Change. [Online] Available at: eea.europa.eu/downloads/beed0c89209641548564b046abcaf43e/1617707707/ growth-without-economic-growth.pdf [Accessed 20 March 2021].
EEA – European Environment (2019), The European Environment – State and outlook 2020 – Knowledge for transition to a sustainable Europe. [Online] Available at: eea.europa.eu/publications/soer-2020 [Accessed 24 March 2021].
EEB – European Environmental Bureau (2020), A circular economy within ecological limits – Why we need to set targets to reduce EU resource consumption and waste generation in the new Circular Economy Action Plan. [Online] Available at: mk0eeborgicuypctuf7e.kinstacdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/A-circular-economy-within-ecological-limits.pdf [Accessed 26 March 2021].
EMF – Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2019), Completing the picture – How the circular economy tackles climate change, Ellen MacArthur Foundation, v.3, 26/09/2019. [Online] Available at: ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/publications/completing-the-picture-climate-change [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Farand, C. (2021), “French climate bill set for rocky ride after citizens’ assembly slams weak ambition”, in Climate Home News, 03/03/2021. [Online] Available at: climatechangenews.com/2021/03/03/french-climate-bill-set-rocky-ride-citizens-assembly-slams-weak-ambition/ [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Fezer, J. (2020), “The power of nothing – Sometimes not building is the right thing to do”, in Ruby, I. and Ruby, A. (eds), The Materials Book, LafargeHolcim Foundation, Ruby Press, Berlin, p. 384. [Online] Available at: src.lafargeholcim-foundation.org/dnl/13be990e-c713-4591-b7ff-8aa86e640cbd/F19bk1-TheMaterialsBook.pdf [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Giampietro, M. (2019), “On the Circular Bioeconomy and Decoupling – Implications for Sustainable Growth”, in Ecological Economics, vol. 162, pp. 143-156. [Online] Available at: doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.05.001 [Accessed 20 March 2021].
GlobalABC, IEA and UNEP (2019), 2019 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction – Towards a zero-emission, efficient and resilient buildings and construction sector. [Online] Available at: www.unep.org/resources/publication/2019-global-status-report-buildings-and-construction-sector [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Gropius, W. (1919), Manifesto of the Staatliches Bauhaus, Design Museum of Chicago. [Online] Available at: bauhausmanifesto.com/ [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Habert, G. et alii (2020), “Carbon budgets for buildings – Harmonising temporal, spatial and sectoral dimensions”, in Buildings and Cities, vol. 1, issue 1, pp. 420-452. [Online] Available at: doi.org/10.5334/bc.47/ [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Hickel, J. (2019), “Degrowth – A theory of radical abundance”, in Real-World Economics Review, issue 87, pp. 54-68. [Online] Available at: paecon.net/PAEReview/issue87/whole87.pdf#page=54 [Accessed 20 March 2021].
HM Treasury (2013), Infrastructure carbon review, Policy Paper, London. [Online] Available at: gov.uk/government/publications/infrastructure-carbon-review [Accessed 20 March 2021].
IPCC (2018), Global warming of 1.5 oC – An IPCC Special Report, Working Group, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Online] Available at: ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_Low_Res.pdf [Accessed 25 March 2021].
Ivanova, I. (2020), “Global rich must cut their carbon footprint 97% to stave off climate change”, in CBS News, 16/12/2020. [Online] Available at: cbsnews.com/news/carbon-footprint-wealthy-people-97-percent-cut-un/ [Accessed 26 March 2021].
Macchi, G. (2017), “System separation – A fitting strategy for future development”, in Architectural Design, vol. 87, issue 5, pp. 76-83. [Online] Available at: doi.org/10.1002/ad.2219 [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Metropolitan Museum of Art (n.d.), The controversial director, Bauhaus Dessau Foundation. [Online] Available at: artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/the-controversial-director-stiftung-bauhaus-dessau/RgJSP2OvDlcsJQ?hl=en [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Naujokaitytė, G. (2020), “MEPs not convinced Europe needs a new Bauhaus movement”, in Science | Business, 29/10/2020. [Online] Available at: sciencebusiness.net/news/meps-not-convinced-europe-needs-new-bauhaus-movement [Accessed 20 March 2021].
NCE – New Climate Economy (2018), Unlocking the inclusive growth story of the 21st century – Accelerating climate action in urgent times. [Online] Available at: newclimateeconomy.report/2018/ [Accessed 28 March 2021].
Ness, D. (2020), “Growth in floor area – The blind spot in cutting carbon”, in Emerald Open Research, vol. 2, issue 2, pp. 1-25. [Online] Available at: emeraldopenresearch.com/articles/2-2 [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Ness, D. A. (2019), The impact of overbuilding on people and the planet, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Ossewaarde, M. and Ossewaarde-Lowtoo, R. (2020), “The EU’s Green Deal – A third alternative to Green Growth and Degrowth?”, in Sustainability, vol. 12, issue 23, article 9825, pp. 1-15. [Online] Available at: doi.org/10.3390/su12239825 [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Oxfam (2015), Extreme carbon inequality – Why the Paris climate deal must put the poorest, lowest emitting and most vulnerable people first, 02/12/2015. [Online] Available at: www-cdn.oxfam.org/s3fs-public/file_attachments/mb-extreme-carbon-inequality-021215-en.pdf [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Raworth, K. (2017), Doughnut Economics – Seven ways to think like a 21st-century economist, Random House, London.
Reuters Staff (2019), “Dutch shelve billion-euro projects as EU nitrogen rules bite”, in Reuters, 14/09/2019. [Online] Available at: reuters.com/article/us-netherlands-government-nitrogen-idUSKCN1VY1WU [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Skene, K. (2018), “Circles, spirals, pyramids and cubes – Why the circular economy cannot work”, in Sustainability Science, vol. 13, pp. 479-492. [Online] Available at: doi.org/10.1007/s11625-017-0443-3 [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Skelton, A. et alii (2020), “10 myths about net zero targets and carbon offsetting, busted”, in Climate Change News, 11/12/2020. [Online] Available at: climatechangenews.com/2020/12/11/10-myths-net-zero-targets-carbon-offsetting-busted/ [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Slatin, C. (2019), “The green new deal – A revolutionary concept”, Editorial, in New Solutions | A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy, vol. 29, issue 2, pp. 133-137. [Online] Available at: doi.org/10.1177/1048291119855671 [Accessed 20 March 2021].
SystemIQ and Club of Rome (2020), A system change compass – Implementing the EU green deal in a time of recovery. [Online] Available at: systemiq.earth/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/System-Change-Compass-full-report_final.pdf [Accessed 20 March 2021].
UNEP – United Nations Environment Program (2020a), Emissions Gap Report 2020, Nairobi. [Online] Available at: unep.org/emissions-gap-report-2020 [Accessed 20 March 2021].
UNEP – United Nations Environment Program (2020b), 2020 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction – Towards a zero-emission, efficient and resilient buildings and construction sector. [Online] Available at: globalabc.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/2020%20Buildings%20GSR_FULL%20REPORT.pdf [Accessed 20 March 2021].
Wainwright, O. (2021), “Sometimes the answer is to do nothing: unflashy French duo take architecture’s top prize”, in The Guardian, newspaper, 16/03/2021. [Online] Available at: theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/mar/16/lacaton-vassal-unflashy-french-architectures-pritzker-prize [Accessed 20 March 2021].
WGBC – World Green Building Council (2019), Bringing embodied carbon upfront – Coordinated action for the building and construction sector to tackle embodied carbon. [Online] Available at: worldgbc.org/sites/default/files/WorldGBC_Bringing_Embodied_ Carbon_Upfront.pdf [Accessed 20 March 2021].
WRI – World Resources Institute (n.d.), Zero Carbon Buildings for All. [Online] Available at: wrirosscities.org/ZeroCarbonBuildings [Accessed 28 March 2021].
WRI, C40 and ICLEI (2014), Greenhouse Gas Protocol – Global protocol for community-scale greenhouse gas emission inventories – An accounting and reporting standard for cities. [Online] Available at: ghgprotocol.org/sites/default/files/standards/GHGP_GPC_0.pdf [Accessed 28 March 2021].
##submission.downloads##
Pubblicato
Come citare
Fascicolo
Sezione
Licenza
AGATHÓN è pubblicata sotto la licenza Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY).
License scheme | Legal code
Questa licenza consente a chiunque di:
Condividere: riprodurre, distribuire, comunicare al pubblico, esporre in pubblico, rappresentare, eseguire e recitare questo materiale con qualsiasi mezzo e formato.
Modificare: remixare, trasformare il materiale e basarti su di esso per le tue opere per qualsiasi fine, anche commerciale.
Alle seguenti condizioni
Attribuzione: si deve riconoscere una menzione di paternità adeguata, fornire un link alla licenza e indicare se sono state effettuate delle modifiche; si può fare ciò in qualsiasi maniera ragionevole possibile, ma non con modalità tali da suggerire che il licenziante avalli l'utilizzatore o l'utilizzo del suo materiale.
Divieto di restrizioni aggiuntive: non si possono applicare termini legali o misure tecnologiche che impongano ad altri soggetti dei vincoli giuridici su quanto la licenza consente di fare.
Note
Non si è tenuti a rispettare i termini della licenza per quelle componenti del materiale che siano in pubblico dominio o nei casi in cui il nuovo utilizzo sia consentito da una eccezione o limitazione prevista dalla legge.
Non sono fornite garanzie. La licenza può non conferire tutte le autorizzazioni necessarie per l'utilizzo che ci si prefigge. Ad esempio, diritti di terzi come i diritti all'immagine, alla riservatezza e i diritti morali potrebbero restringere gli usi del materiale.
